It has been found that cannabis lowers blood pressure and reduces the risk of heart disease caused by high blood pressure. A 2013 study published in the Journal of Biochemical Pharmacology was conducted to determine the effects of small amounts of THC on cardioprotection. The researchers gave mice THC, then induced a heart attack by restricting their blood flow. After restricting blood flow, the doctors treated the mice with small amounts of THC (four times less than a normal intoxicating dose) two hours before the heart attack, 48 hours before, and three weeks before the continued treatment. The study also shows that a single, very low dose of THC before insufficient blood flow to the heart is a safe and effective treatment that can reduce heart attack damage.